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A cabinetmaker made chairs, tables, cabinets, and beds. He also repaired musical instruments. He made coffins, and provided the hearses in which the coffins were carried.The materials used mostly were wood, wooden tools, and most importantly the lathe. The lathe is a big wooden wheel. Cabinets, chairs, tables, and bed legs were carved on the lathe. These products were used by everybody in town.
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A potter was a person who made plates and bowls. He used clay and water to make the pottery. To make a piece of pottery you needed to make a ball, and then you put the clay on a table. You molded it to the shape you wanted, then you put it in a kiln to make it hard. Pottery was used to make bowls and plates which were used by just about everybody. Clay can be different colors such as red, yellow, tan, gray, or blue. It is colored by mineral impurity.
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The cooper made many kinds of barrels.He could hollow out a tree trunk to make a useful barrel called a gum. Barrels were used to store many things such as flour, corn meal and grain. Barrels were also needed for molasses, maple syrup, cider, beer, salted meat and fish. The Cooper used a drawknife, a compass, a pod auger, a croze, a kerfing saw, a handax and a sunplane. The cooper cut a barrel stave. Then the barrel maker stood a set of shaped staves on end inside a stout trust hoop. Then the barrel staves were tightened. This was a long and difficult process, and the farmers were glad to have a cooper in town.
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The greatest asset of American shipwrights was a large supply of American trees. Shipbuilding was very important on the New Hampshire coast and many ships were built at the Portsmouth shipyard. Ships were used for transportation and the shipping of cargo.
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The machine was made out of metal and woodland bolted to the floor and the roof. Individual fonts were used for each capital, small capital, lower-case, and each punctuation mark and each numeral. These were printed on paper. Paper was very hard to get. The materials used were wood, black ink, metal, letters, and a three sided tray. The eighteenth century Benjamin Franklin had to shape a mold for each letter by hand at its actual size. The punch was barely larger than the letter to be cut on it and was about an inch and three quarters long. Long enough to hold on to, but too short to bend. The printer hardened his counter punch and hitting its butt with a heavy hammer. Then with sharp gravers, small chisels and files. It was difficult to print. The printer had to put stamps backwards and roll ink under the stamps so it would print the letters and words that you wanted.
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My occupation is teaching. I teach young children. Materials used were charcoal for pencils, birch bark or slates for paper. Children were taught how to read, spell and do math. They did not teach as much as they do now. All children did not go to school.
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A miller grinds grain into flour. He use a water or wind powered mill that has a wheel & a millstone. The water would move the wheel & the wheel would do the grinding. The townspeople would use the flour for cooking.
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Many earlier settlers came to New Hampshire to fish. The most important thing was fishing. The fish that where caught on a schooner had to be spilt and salted on board, and then stored in the hold. Before the American Revolution, the fishing trade was a great source of income both to colonists and to their associates in England. There seemed to be an inexhaustible supply of fish.
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The most common job in colonial time was farming. Some people raised animals on their farms, others had crops, some had both. A pitchfork, a shovel, wood, nails, a hammer and land are some of the materials needed on a farm. Sometimes the farmers killed the animals and sold the meat or they sold the animals alive. It took a lot of time to raise a crop. Usually the farmers used the product. They would have to go out everyday and feed and water the animals. They also would have to water the crops and weed them.
Farming in New Hampshire was very difficult. The rocks often made it hard to plant. The farmer would plant small patches of corn, potatoes, and other crops in order to keep his family from going hungry. It was also difficult to clear the land especially to get rid of the tree stumps. Sometimes a farmer would be lucky enough to have land that had already been cleared by the Indians.
Corn, pumpkins, potatoes, beans, and fruits such as apples and pears were the most common food crops.
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A weaver's job was to make clothes and blankets. In order to make these things, the weavers used linen, wool, a quill, a shuttle, and shuttle wire. The weaver passed the shuttle back and forth across the loom weaving.
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In colonial N.H. they had no steel, no plastic, and no electricity. They depended on wood. Lumbering was when people cut trees down. The materials used were an axe, an up and down saw, and a zap. They cut down trees to make houses. They also made benches and tools. Much of the wood was used for shipbuilding and masts. New Hampshire white pines were taken to England to be made into masts. White pine trees often towered more then a hundred feet high before branches appeared, and their trunks might be as much as three or four feet thick. It took men of great skill and experience to cut down these enormous trees so that they would not break in their long fall. This large tree might weigh from fifteen to twenty tons, and transporting it presented many problems. New Hampshire forests became a source of timber for the British navy for the next 120 years, furnishing masts for all the largest vessels.
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